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West Nile Virus
pleocytosis is absent.
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For persons with HIV, the symptoms associated with improving their screening algorithms to further reduce risk.
22
In Quebec,
WNV infection —fever, headache, neurological disorder, and paralysis—may seasonal testing of blood donations coupled with a background check on
suggest other idiopathies.
73
This emphasizes the important role of travel history has been implemented successfully.
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Neurological sequelae
serological testing, RT–PCR, and radiologic imaging in accurately diagnosing and prolonged hospital stays due to WNV fever or encephalitis have an
WNV infection. impact on the number of productive days lost from work or school. The
majority of patients take about 10 days off.
10
Mechanical ventilation for
Summary patients with WNV encephalitis often results in prolonged intensive care
Avoiding mosquito bites, screening of blood and organ transplants, and unit (ICU) visits, from one to four months.
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The economic impact incurred
long-term patient care are three priority strategies toward reducing new by the loss of work-days and income coupled with rising healthcare costs
infections and managing existing cases. People who avoid exposure to is unknown. Sequelae from WNV infections may persist for up to a year,
mosquitoes by wearing long sleeves and pants, staying indoors during affecting both the mind and the body and changing patients’ perception
dusk, and using mosquito repellant cut their risk of infection by half.
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of their own health status.
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Management of WNV-related critical illness
Children are less likely to wear long sleeves and pants and are more likely may confound the physician’s ability to make a timely and accurate
to be outdoors during the hours of mosquito activity.
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Greater education diagnosis, thereby complicating end-of-life discussions with families.
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about WNV transmission and risk, especially through television and school WNV has been in North America for eight years, highlighting the dire ease
workshops, may increase children’s awareness and direct them toward self- with which exotic pathogens can cross borders. WNV has re-invigorated
protection. Screening blood donors and testing blood donations will interdisciplinary studies between infectious disease specialists, molecular
reduce the risk of WNV transmission by blood transfusion. National blood biologists, and entomologists. Because no effective human vaccine against
screening identified and removed more than 1,400 potentially WNV- WNV has been developed, prevention is still the most important strategy
infected donations in the period 2003–2005, and blood banks are for avoiding infection. ■
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