Blay_edit2.qxp 23/10/08 09:49 Page 91
New Drugs in the Treatment of Germ Cell Tumours
1381–6. intensively pretreated or refractory germ cell cancer, J Clin 54. Han DC, Shen TL, Guan JL, The Grb7 family proteins: structure,
8. de Wit R., Louwerens M, de Mulder PH, et al., Management of Oncol, 2004;22(1):108–14. interactions with other signaling molecules and potential
intermediate-prognosis germ-cell cancer: results of a phase I/II 31. De Giorgi U, Rosti G, Aieta M, et al., Phase II study of cellular functions, Oncogene, 2001;20:6315–21.
study of Taxol-BEP, Int J Cancer, 1999;83(6):831–3. oxaliplatin and gemcitabine salvage chemotherapy in patients 55. McIntyre A, Summersgill B, Spendlove HE, et al., Activating
9. Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Donadio A, et al., Combination of with cisplatin-refractory non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, mutations and/or expression levels of tyrosine kinase receptors
paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line Eur Urol, 2006;50(5):1032–8. GRB7, RAS, and BRAF in testicular germ cell tumors, Neoplasia,
therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors, 32. Pectasides D, Pectasides M, Farmakis D, et al., Oxaliplatin and 2005;7(12):1047–52.
J Clin Oncol, 2005;23(27):6549–55. irinotecan plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as 56. Rönnstrand L, Signal transduction via the stem cell factor
10. Kondagunta GV, Bacik J, Sheinfeld J, et al., Paclitaxel plus third-line treatment in relapsed or cisplatin-refractory germ-cell receptor/c-Kit, Cell Mol Life Sci, 2004;61(19-20):2535–48.
Ifosfamide followed by high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide in tumor patients: a phase II study, Eur Urol, 2004:216–21. 57. Li J, Xia F, Li WX, Coactivation of STATand Ras is required for
previously treated germ cell tumors, J Clin Oncol, 2007;25(1): 33. Theodore C, Chevreau C, Yataqhene Y, et al., A phase II germ cell proliferation and invasive migration in Drosophila,
85–90. multicenter study of oxaliplatin in combination with paclitaxel in Dev Cell, 2003;5:787–98.
11. Rick O, Bokemeyer C, Beyer J, et al., Salvage treatment with poor prognosis patients who failed cisplatin-based 58. Motzer RJ, Dmitrovsky E, Miller WH Jr, et al., Suramin for germ
paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin plus high-dose carboplatin, chemotherapy for germ-cell tumors, Ann Oncol, 2008; in press. cell tumors, Cancer, 1993;72(11):3313–17.
etoposide, and thiotepa followed by autologous stem-cell 34. Shamash J, Powles T, Mutsvangwa K, et al., A phase II study 59. Moasser MM, Motzer RJ, Khoo KS, et al., All-trans retinoic acid
rescue in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell cancer, using a topoisomerase I-based approach in patients with for treating germ cell tumors, Cancer, 1995;76(4):680–86.
J Clin Oncol, 2001;19(1):81–8. multiply relapsed germ-cell tumours, Ann Oncol, 60. Gold EJ, Bosl GJ, Itri LM, Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in
12. Mead GM, Cullen MH, Huddart R, et al., A phase II trial of TIP 2007;18(5):925–30. patients with advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumors,
given as second-line (post-BEP) salvage chemotherapy for 35. De Giorgi U, Rosti G, Papiani G, et al., Weekly gemcitabine, Cancer Treat Rep, 1984;68(10):1287–8.
patients with metastatic germ cell cancer, Br J Cancer, paclitaxel, oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy in patient with 61. Rick O, Braun T, Siegert W, Beyer J, Activity of thalidomide in
2005;93(2):178–84. Cisplatin-refractory germ cell tumor: preliminary experience, patients with platinum-refractory germ-cell tumours, Eur J
13. Mardiak J, Salek T, Sycova-Mila Z, et al., Paclitaxel plus Am J Clin Oncol, 2004;27(5):457–60. Cancer, 2006;42(12):1775–9.
ifosfamide and cisplatin in second-line treatment of germ cell 36. Bokemeyer C, Oechsle K, Honecker F, et al., German Testicular 62. Beer TM, Tangen CM, Nichols CR, et al., Southwest Oncology
tumors: a phase II study, Neoplasma, 2005;52(6):497–501. Cancer Study Group. Combination chemotherapy with Group phase II study of arsenic trioxide in patients with
14. Lotz JP, Bui B, Gomez F, et al., Sequential high-dose gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel in patients with refractory germ cell malignancies, Cancer, 2006;106(12):
chemotherapy protocol for relapsed poor prognosis germ cell cisplatin-refractory or multiply relapsed germ-cell tumors, 2624–9.
tumors combining two mobilization and cytoreductive Ann Oncol, 2008;19(3):448–53. 63. Bokemeyer C, Kuczyk MA, Dunn T, et al., Expression of
treatments followed by three high-dose chemotherapy regimens 37. Reuter VE, Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell stem-cell factor and its receptor c-kit protein in normal
supported by autologous stem cell transplantation, Ann Oncol, tumors, Mod Pathol, 2005;18(Suppl. 2):S51–60. testicular tissue and malignant germ-cell tumours, J Cancer Res
2005;16(3):411–18. 38. Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LH, Testicular germ-cell tumours in a Clin Oncol, 1996;122(5):301–6.
15. McNeish IA, Kanfer EJ, Haynes R, et al., Paclitaxel-containing broader perspective, Nat Rev Cancer, 2005;5(3):210–22. 64. Sakuma Y, Matsukuma S, Yoshihara M, et al., Mutations of
high-dose chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory testicular 39. Looijenga LH, de Leeuw H, van Oorschot M, et al., Stem cell c-kit gene in bilateral testicular germ cell tumours in Japan,
germ cell tumours, Br J Cancer, 2004;90(6):1169–75. factor receptor (c-KIT) codon 816 mutations predict Cancer Lett, 2008;259(1):119–26.
16. Margolin KA, Doroshow JH, Frankel P, et al., Paclitaxel-based development of bilateral testicular germ-cell tumors, 65. Biermann K, Göke F, Nettersheim D, et al., c-KIT is frequently
high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for Cancer Res, 2003;63(22):7674–8. mutated in bilateral germ cell tumours and down-regulated
relapsed germ cell cancer, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 40. Looijenga LH, Zafarana G, Grygalewicz B, et al., Role of gain of during progression from intratubular germ cell neoplasia to
2005;11(11):903–11. 12p in germ cell tumour development, APMIS, 2003;111(1): seminoma, J Pathol, 2007;213(3):311–18.
17. Hartmann JT, Gauler T, Metzner B, et al., Phase I/II study of 161–71. 66. Coffey J, Linger R, Pugh J, et al., Somatic KIT mutations occur
sequential dose-intensified ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide 41. Zafarana G, Grygalewicz B, Gillis AJ, et al., 12p-amplicon predominantly in seminoma germ cell tumors and are not
plus paclitaxel as induction chemotherapy for poor prognosis structure analysis in testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents predictive of bilateral disease: report of 220 tumors and review
germ cell tumors, J Clin Oncol, 2007;25(36):5742–7. and adults by array CGH, Oncogene, 2003;22(48):7695–7701. of literature, Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2008;47(1):34–42.
18. Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, Schöffski P, et al., Gemcitabine in 42. Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, The testicular germ cell tumour 67. Nikolaou M, Valavanis C, Aravantinos G, et al., Kit expression
patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer, genome, APMIS, 2003;111(1):136–50; discussion 50–51. in male germ cell tumors, Anticancer Res, 2007;27(3B):
J Clin Oncol, 1999;17(2):512–16. 43. Looijenga LH, Gillis AJ, Stoop HJ, et al., Chromosomes and 1685–8.
19. Einhorn LH, Stender MJ, Williams SD, Phase II trial of expression in human testicular germ-cell tumors, Ann N Y Acad 68. Kollmannsberger C, Mayer F, Pressler H, et al., Absence of c-KIT
gemcitabine in refractory germ cell tumors, J Clin Oncol, Sci, 2007;1120:187–214. and members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family in
1999;17(2):509–11. 44. de Jong J, Stoop H, Gillis AJ, et al., Differential expression of refractory germ cell cancer, Cancer, 2002;95(2):301–8.
20. Chaney SG, Vaisman A, Specificity of platinum-DNA adduct SOX17 and SOX2 in germ cells and stem cells has biological 69. Madani A, Kemmer K, Sweeney C, et al., Expression of KIT and
repair, J Inorg Biochem, 1999;77(1–2):71–81. and clinical implications, J Pathol, 2008;215(1):21–30. EGFR in chemotherapy refractory non-seminomatous germ-cell
21. Kollmannsberger C, Rick O, Derigs HG, et al., Activity of 45. Kersemaekers AM, Mayer F, Molier M, et al., Role of P53 and tumors, Ann Oncol, 2003;14(6):873–80.
oxaliplatin in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory germ MDM2 in treatment response of human germ cell tumors, 70. Einhorn LH, Brames MJ, Heinrich MC, et al., Phase II study of
cell cancer, J Clin Oncol, 2002;20(8):2031–7. J Clin Oncol, 2002;20(6):1551–61. imatinib mesylate in chemotherapy refractory germ cell tumors
22. Soulié P, Garrino C, Bensmaïne MA, et al., Antitumoral activity 46. Olie RA, Looijenga LH, Boerrigter L, et al., N- and KRAS expressing KIT, Am J Clin Oncol, 2006;29(1):12–13.
of oxaliplatin/cisplatin-based combination therapy in mutations in primary testicular germ cell tumors, Genes 71. Pedersini R, Vattemi E, Mazzoleni G, Graiff C, Complete
cisplatin-refractory germ cell cancer patients, J Cancer Res Clin Chromosomes Cancer, 1995;12(2):110–16. response after treatment with imatinib in pre-treated
Oncol, 1999;125(12):707–11. 47. McIntyre A, Summersgill B, Grygalewicz B, et al., Amplification disseminated testicular seminoma with overexpression of c-KIT,
23. Miki T, Sawada M, Nonomura N, et al., Antitumor effect of and overexpression of the KIT gene is associated with Lancet Oncol, 2007;8(11):1039–40.
CPT-11, a camptothecin derivative, on human testicular tumor progression in the seminoma subtype of testicular germ cell 72. Hechelhammer L, Störkel S, Odermatt B, et al., Epidermal
xenografts in nude mice, Eur Urol, 1997;31(1):92–6. tumors of adolescents and adults, Cancer Res, growth factor receptor is a marker for syncytiotrophoblastic
24. Kollmannsberger C, Rick O, Klaproth H, et al., Irinotecan in 2005;65(18):8085–9. cells in testicular germ cell tumors, Virchows Arch,
patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory germ cell cancer, 48. McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, et al., Genes, chromosomes 2003;443(1):28–31.
Br J Cancer, 2002;87(7):729–32. and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of 73. Moroni M, Veronese S, Schiavo R, Carminati O, Sorensen BS,
25. Miki T, Mizutani Y, Nonomura N, et al., Irinotecan plus cisplatin adolescents and adults, Genes Chromosomes Cancer, Gambacorta M, Siena S.Epidermal growth factor receptor
has substantial antitumor effect as salvage chemotherapy 2008;47(7):547–57. expression and activation in nonseminomatous germ cell
against germ cell tumors, Cancer, 2002;95(9):1879–85. 49. Di Vizio D, Cito L, Boccia A, et al., Loss of the tumor suppressor tumors, Clin Cancer Res, 2001;7(9):2770–75.
26. Einhorn LH, Brames MJ, Juliar B, Williams SD, Phase II study of gene PTEN marks the transition from R intratubulagerm cell 74. Soule S, Baldridge L, Kirkpatrick K, et al., HER-2/neu expression
paclitaxel plus gemcitabine salvage chemotherapy for germ cell neoplasias (ITGCN) to invasive germ cell tumors, Oncogene, in germ cell tumours, J Clin Pathol, 2002;55(9)656–8.
tumors after progression following high-dose chemotherapy 2005;24(11):1882–94. 75. Kollmannsberger C, Pressler H, Mayer F, et al.,
with tandem transplant, J Clin Oncol, 2007;25(5):513–16. 50. Sommerer F, Hengge UR, Markwarth A, et al., Mutations of Cisplatin-refractory, HER2/neu-expressing germ-cell cancer, Ann
27. Einhorn L, Raghavan D, Kindler H, et al., A phase I trial of BRAF and RAS are rare events in germ cell tumours, Int J Oncol, 1999;10(11):1393–4.
gemcitabine plus paclitaxel combination in patients with Cancer, 2005;113(2):329–35. 76. Fukuda S, Shirahama T, Imazono Y, et al., Expression of
refractory solid tumors, Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 1998;17:207. 51. Kemmer K, Corless CL, Fletcher JA, et al., KIT mutations are vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with testicular
28. Hinton S, Catalano P, Einhorn LH, et al., Phase II study of common in testicular seminomas, Am J Pathol, 2004;164(1): germ cell tumors as an indicator of metastatic disease, Cancer,
paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in refractory germ cell tumors 305–13. 1999;85(6):1323–30.
(E9897), J Clin Oncol, 2002;20:1859–63. 52. Goddard NC, McIntyre A, Summersgill B, et al., KIT and RAS 77. Voigt W, Kegel T, Maher G, et al., Bevacizumab plus HD-ICE as
29. Pectasides D, Pectasides M, Farmakis D, et al., Gemcitabine signalling pathways in testicular germ cell tumours, Int J Androl, third-line salvage chemotherapy induced an unexpected
and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with cisplatin-refractory 2007;30(4):337–48. dramatic response in highly platinum refractory germ cell
germ cell tumors: a phase II study, Ann Oncol, 2004:493–7. 53. Skotheim RI, Abeler VM, Nesland JM, et al., Candidate genes cancer, Ann Oncol, 2006;17(3):531–3.
30. Kollmannsberger C, Beyer J, Liersch R, et al., Combination for testicular cancer evaluated by in situ protein expression 78. Mego M, Recková M, Sycova-Mila Z, et al., Bevacizumab in a
chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin in patients with analyses on tissue microarrays, Neoplasia, 2003;5:397–404. growing teratoma syndrome, Ann Oncol, 2007;18(5):962–3.
EUROPEAN ONCOLOGY 91
Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99