Advances in Treatment Options for High-grade Glioma


Viral vectors can also deliver pro-apoptotic cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and p53 as well as cytokines such as IL-2 and interferon beta (IFN-β). Other methods of delivery under investigation include cell-based transfer and synthetic vectors.


Antitumour vaccines based on peptide antigens, dendritic cells or whole tumour cells represent another major avenue of investigation. Among the many promising vaccines in addition to the previously described CDX-110 are GVAX, which involves administration of irradiated autologous tumour cells mixed with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing cells135 and vaccines against HSP90.136


Conclusions In small phase II studies, these


vaccines appear to be well-tolerated and show promising efficacy compared with historic controls. However, larger prospective controlled studies will be required to confirm any clinical benefit. Table 2 summarises selected novel therapies for HGG.


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