Brain Trauma Stroke
when there are bilateral vascular lesions, making comparison with the contralateral side difficult. In this situation the use of absolute thresholds may be useful.
Conclusion
Multimodal CT for the evaluation of acute stroke is becoming increasingly important as there continues to be a growing need to rapidly diagnose acute stroke patients. It is an ideal tool for imaging acute stroke patients in the community given its widespread availability and its rapid image acquisition. Multimodal CT demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing acute stroke.
There is also hope that the CTP component of multimodal CT will be able to discriminate among acute stroke patients by determining those who will likely benefit from intervention from those who would not regardless of their time of presentation. Considerable work still needs to be undertaken in this regard to standardize the processing and interpretation of CTP images. n
1. 2.
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, et al., Circulation, 2010;121(7):948–54.
Schumacher HC, Bateman BT, Boden-Albala B, et al., Ann Emerg Med, 2007;50(2):99–107.
3. Liebeskind DS, Ann Neurol, 2009;66(5):574–90. 4. Shetty SK, Lev MH, Neuroimaging Clin N Am Aug, 2005;15(3):481–501, ix.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Wintermark M, Albers GW, Alexandrov AV, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2008;29(5):e23–30.
Aspelin P, Aubry P, Fransson SG, et al., N Engl J Med, 2003;348(6):491–9.
Hernandez F, Mora L, Garcia-Tejada J, et al., Rev Esp Cardiol, 2009;62(12):1373–80.
Srinivasan A, Goyal M, Lum C, et al., Can J Neurol Sci, 2005;32(4):483–6.
Beauchamp NJ Jr, Barker PB, Wang PY, van Zijl PC, Radiology, 1999;212(2):307–24.
10. Wardlaw JM, Mielke O, Radiology, 2005;235(2):444–53. 11. von Kummer R, Bourquain H, Bastianello S, et al., Radiology, 2001;219(1):95–100.
12. Lev MH, Farkas J, Gemmete JJ, et al., Radiology, 1999;213(1):150–55.
13. Gonzalez RG, Hirsch JA, Koroshetz WJ, et al., Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging and Intervention, New York: Springer, 2006.
14. Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Hudon ME, et al., Stroke, 2001;32(1):84–8.
15. Mullins ME, Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2005;26(6):394–403. 16. Tomsick T, Brott T, Barsan W, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 1992;13(1):257–63.
17. von Kummer R, Allen KL, Holle R, et al., Radiology, 1997;205(2):327–33.
18. von Kummer R, Meyding-Lamade U, Forsting M, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 1994;15(1):9–15, discussion 16–18.
19. Adams HP, Jr, Brott TG, Furlan AJ, et al., Circulation, 1996;94(5):1167–74.
20. The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group, Stroke, 1997;28(11):2109–18.
21. Launes J, Ketonen L, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1987;50(11):1550–52.
22. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al., JAMA, 1995;274(13):1017–25.
23. Tanne D, Kasner SE, Demchuk AM, et al., Circulation, 2002;105(14):1679–85.
24. Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Zhang J, Buchan AM, Lancet, 2000;355(9216):1670–74.
25. de Weert TT, Cakir H, Rozie S, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009;30(1):177–84.
26. Otani H, Kikuya M, Hara A, et al., Cerebrovasc Dis, 2010;30(1):43–50.
27. Menon U, Kelley RE, Int Rev Neurobiol, 2009;84:21–33. 28. Hsu LC, Hu HH, Chang CC, et al., Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei), 1997;59(4):225–31.
29. Bischoff C, von Einsiedel HG, Nervenarzt, 1997;68(8):609–19. 30. Chen XY, Lam WW, Ng HK, et al., Cerebrovasc Dis, 2006;21 (1–2):91–7.
31. Forsting M, Eur Radiol, 2005;15(Suppl. 4):D25–7. 32. McKinney AM, Palmer CS, Truwit CL, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2008;29(3):594–602.
33. Lev MH, Farkas J, Rodriguez VR, et al., J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2001;25(4):520–28.
34. Sims JR, Rordorf G, Smith EE, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2005;26(2):246–51.
35. Wildermuth S, Knauth M, Brandt T, et al., Stroke, 1998;29(5):935–8.
36. Sen S, Huang DY, Akhavan O, et al., Neurocrit Care, 2009;11(1):76–81.
37. Gleason S, Furie KL, Lev MH, et al., Acad Radiol, 2001;8(10):955–64.
38. Puchner S, Popovic M, Wolf F, et al., J Endovasc Ther, 2009;16(3):336–42.
39. Wintermark M, Jawadi SS, Rapp JH, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2008;29(5):875–82.
40. Bartlett ES, Walters TD, Symons SP, Fox AJ, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2006;27(3):632–7.
41. Taschner CA, Leclerc X, Lucas C, Pruvo JP, Front Neurol Neurosci, 2005;20:119–28.
Sachin Rastogi, MD, is a Fellow in Neuro-interventional Radiology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His research interests are acute stroke imaging and intervention. Dr Rastogi completed both his diagnostic radiology residency and his diagnostic neuro-radiology fellowship at UCLA.
David S Liebeskind, MD, FAHA, is an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he also serves as Associate Neurology Director of the UCLA Stroke Center and Neurology Director of the Stroke Imaging Program. He is Co-Director of the UCLA Cerebral Blood Flow Laboratory and Director of the UCLA Vascular Neurology Residency Program. Dr Liebeskind’s principal research interests include novel neuroimaging approaches to elucidate fundamental pathophysiologic correlates of cerebrovascular disease in humans with a particular focus on the collateral circulation.
42. Oelerich M, Stogbauer F, Kurlemann G, Schul C, Schuierer G, Eur Radiol, 1999;9(7):1385–91.
43. Puetz V, Sylaja PN, Coutts SB, et al., Stroke, 2008;39(9):2485–90.
44. Puetz V, Sylaja PN, Hill MD, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009;30(10):1877–83.
45. Schramm P, Schellinger PD, Klotz E, et al., Stroke, 2004;35(7):1652–8.
46. Schramm P, Schellinger PD, Fiebach JB, et al., Stroke, 2002;33(10):2426–32.
47. Kloska SP, Nabavi DG, Gaus C, et al., Radiology, 2004;233(1):79–86.
48. Knoepfli AS, Sekoranja L, Bonvin C, et al., J Neuroradiol, 2009;36(3):131–7.
49. Konstas AA, Goldmakher GV, Lee TY, Lev MH, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009;30(4):662–8.
50. Konstas AA, Goldmakher GV, Lee TY, Lev MH, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2009;30(5):885–92.
51. Lui YW, Tang ER, Allmendinger AM, Spektor V, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2010 (Epub ahead of print).
52. Wintermark M, Flanders AE, Velthuis B, et al., Stroke, 2006;37(4):979–85.
53. Wintermark M, Reichhart M, Cuisenaire O, et al., Stroke, 2002;33(8):2025–31.
54. Wintermark M, Fischbein NJ, Smith WS, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2005;26(1):104–12.
55. Eastwood JD, Lev MH, Azhari T, et al., Radiology, 2002;222(1):227–36.
56. Murphy BD, Fox AJ, Lee DH, et al., Stroke, 2006;37(7):1771–7. 57. Eastwood JD, Lev MH, Wintermark M, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2003;24(9):1869–75.
58. Mayer TE, Hamann GF, Baranczyk J, et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2000;21(8):1441–9.
59. Goldmakher GV, Paper presented at: Radiological Society of North America Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting Program, 2006; Oak Brook, Ill.
60. Mori S, Obata T, Nakajima N, et al., AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2005;26(10):2536–41.
54
US NEUROLOGY
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108