Markers for Urological Malignancies Conclusions


Although currently established biomarkers and diagnostic methods such as cystoscopy, urinary cytology and PSA present many limitations and lack many of the characteristics of an ideal biomarker, they still remain the cornerstone of diagnosis and monitoring of urological malignancies. In the last few decades many experimental biomarkers have been discovered and investigated; however, the path from bench to bedside has been very difficult for most of them. The exciting expectations raised from the progress in the field of genomics and proteomics still need to be realised.


Of course, we need to invest in the discovery of more biomarkers in the future, performing well-designed multicentre randomised trials and improving available technologies. Data on the additional diagnostic


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value of some investigational biomarkers, such as PCA3 for PCa, are very promising. Furthermore, it seems worthwhile to continue the efforts currently ongoing to develop multiple biomarkers strategies that, by exploiting the power of bioinformatic tools, could provide diagnostic and prognostic algorithms with increased accuracy. n


Emilio Sacco is a Consultant Urologist in the Urological Clinic at Agostino Gemelli Hospital of the Catholic University School of Medicine in Rome. His research and clinical interests focus on urological oncology and functional urology. He is a member of several scientific societies and has authored many national and international meeting abstracts and proceedings, peer-reviewed original articles, reviews and book chapters.


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EUROPEAN UROLOGICAL REVIEW 41


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