Gadolinium-based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
tiny amounts of Gd after intravenous infusion, even in patients with normal renal function.62
Any GdBCA should therefore be used
with caution, and high dosing and frequently repeated exposures should be avoided if possible. Other imaging techniques, such as unenhanced MR and ultrasound, should be used whenever possible, in particular in renal patients.
The NSF story is a classic example of a new epidemic and should remind us all about the need for continued alertness and focus on possible adverse effects of newly introduced clinical practices. It demonstrates
1. Caille JM, Lemanceau B, Bonnemain B, Gadolinium as a contrast agent for NMR, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 1983;4:1041–2.
2. Runge VM, Clanton JA, Foster MA, et al., Paramagnetic NMR contrast agents. Development and evaluation, Invest Radiol, 1984;19:408–15.
3. Adding LC, Bannenberg GL, Gustafsson LE, Basic experimental studies and clinical aspects of adolinium salts and chelates, Cardiovasc Drug Rev, 2001;19:41–56.
4. Idee JM, Port M, Dencausse A, et al., Involvement of gadolinium chelates in the mechanism of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: an update, Radiol Clin North Am, 2009;47:855–69,vii.
5. Cacheris WP, Quay SC, Rocklage SM, The relationship between thermodynamics and the toxicity of gadolinium complexes, Magn Reson Imaging, 1990;8:467–81.
6. Joffe P, Thomsen HS, Meusel M, Pharmacokinetics of gadodiamide injection in patients with severe renal insufficiency and patients undergoing hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Acad Radiol, 1998;5:491–502.
7. Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, et al., Scleromyxoedema- like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients, Lancet, 2000;356:1000–1.
8. Cowper SE, Su LD, Bhawan J, et al., Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, Am J Dermatopathol, 2001;23:383–93.
9. Jimenez SA, Artlett CM, Sandorfi N, et al., Dialysis-associated systemic fibrosis (nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy): study of inflammatory cells and transforming growth factor beta1 expression in affected skin, Arthritis Rheum, 2004;50:2660–6.
10. Ting WW, Stone MS, Madison KC, Kurtz K, Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy with systemic involvement, Arch Dermatol, 2003;139:903–6.
11. Thakral C, Abraham JL, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: histology and gadolinium detection, Radiol Clin North Am, 2009;47:841–7.
12. Daram SR, Cortese CM, Bastani B, Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy/nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: report of a new case with literature review, Am J Kidney Dis, 2005;46:754–9.
13. Todd DJ, Kagan A, Chibnik LB, Kay J, Cutaneous changes of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: predictor of early mortality and association with gadolinium exposure, Arthritis Rheum, 2007;56:3433–41.
14. Mendoza FA, Artlett CM, Sandorfi N, et al., Description of 12 cases of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and review of the literature, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2006;35:238–49.
15. Bangsgaard N, Marckmann P, Rossen K, Skov L, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: late skin manifestations, Arch Dermatol, 2009;145:183–7.
16. Cowper SE, Rabach M, Girardi M, Clinical and histological findings in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Eur J Radiol, 2008;66:191–9.
17. Deng A, Martin DB, Spillane A, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with a spectrum of clinical and histopathological presentation: a disorder of aberrant dermal remodeling, J Cutan Pathol, 2010;37:204–10.
18. Issa N, Poggio ED, Fatica RA, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and its association with gadolinium exposure during MRI, Cleve Clin J Med, 2008;75:95–7, 103–4, 106 passim.
19. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, Thomsen HS, Clinical manifestation of gadodiamide-related nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Clin Nephrol, 2008;69:161–8.
20. Marckmann P, Skov L, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: clinical picture and treatment, Radiol Clin North Am, 2009;47:833–40,vi.
21. Khurram M, Skov L, Rossen K, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a serious iatrogenic disease of renal failure patients, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2007;41:565–6.
22. Steen H, Giannitsis E, Sommerer C, et al., Acute phase reaction to gadolinium-DTPA in dialysis patients, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2009;24:1274–7.
an unfortunate delay in the warning of the medical community: it took almost a year from the appearance of the first reports linking GdBCAs to NSF until warnings were sent out by medical authorities. This delay may have led to several cases of NSF that might have been otherwise prevented. Hopefully, rethinking of authority practices in response to reports on serious side effects of clinical practices has been initiated by the NSF experience. Whether preclinical testing and reporting practices on the safety of new drugs are sufficient is also worth a thought: with today’s knowledge, it is hard to understand how the Gd toxicity of some of the GdBCAs could have been overlooked. n
23. Swartz RD, Crofford LJ, Phan SH, et al., Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy: a novel cutaneous fibrosing disorder in patients with renal failure, Am J Med, 2003;114:563–72.
24. Marckmann P, An epidemic outbreak of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in a Danish hospital, Eur J Radiol, 2008;66:187–90.
25. Thomsen HS, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: history and epidemiology, Radiol Clin North Am, 2009;47:827–31,vi.
26. Todd DJ, Kay J, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: an epidemic of gadolinium toxicity, Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2008;10:195–204.
27. Becker S, Walter S, Witzke O, et al., The German registry for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: findings from 23 patients, Clin Nephrol, 2010;73:426–30.
28. Kim KH, Fonda JR, Lawler EV, et al., Change in use of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance studies in kidney disease patients after US Food and Drug Administration warnings: a cross-sectional study of Veterans Affairs Health Care System data from 2005–2008, Am J Kidney Dis, 2010;56:458–67.
29. Martin DR, Krishnamoorthy SK, Kalb B, et al., Decreased incidence of NSF in patients on dialysis after changing gadolinium contrast-enhanced MRI protocols, J Magn Reson Imaging, 2010;31:440–6.
30. Altun E, Martin DR, Wertman R, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: change in incidence following a switch in gadolinium agents and adoption of a gadolinium policy—report from two U.S. universities, Radiology, 2009;253:689–96.
31. Perez-Rodriguez J, Lai S, Ehst BD, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: incidence, associations, and effect of risk factor assessment – report of 33 cases, Radiology, 2009;250:371–7.
32. Prince MR, Zhang H, Morris M, et al., Incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis at two large medical centers, Radiology, 2008;248:807–16.
33. Dharnidharka VR, Wesson SK, Fennell RS, Gadolinium and nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy in pediatric patients, Pediatr Nephrol, 2007;22:1395.
34. Grobner T, Gadolinium – a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2006;21:1104–8.
35. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, J Am Soc Nephrol, 2006;17:2359–62.
36. Abujudeh HH, Kaewlai R, Kagan A, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after gadopentetate dimeglumine exposure: case series of 36 patients, Radiology, 2009;253:81–9.
37. Broome DR, Girguis MS, Baron PW, et al., Gadodiamide-associated nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: why radiologists should be concerned, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007;188:586–92.
38. Collidge TA, Thomson PC, Mark PB, et al., Gadolinium- enhanced MR imaging and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: retrospective study of a renal replacement therapy cohort, Radiology, 2007;245:168–75.
39. Shabana WM, Cohan RH, Ellis JH, et al., Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a report of 29 cases, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2008;190:736–41.
40. Tsushima Y, Kanal E, Thomsen HS, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: risk factors suggested from Japanese published cases, Br J Radiol, 2010;83:590–5.
41. Wollanka H, Weidenmaier W, Giersig C, NSF after Gadovist exposure: a case report and hypothesis of NSF development, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2009;24:3882–4.
42. Elmholdt TR, Jørgensen B, Ramsing M, et al., Two cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after exposure to the macrocyclic compound gadobutrol, NDT Plus, 2010;3:285–7. 43. Collidge T, Thomson P, Mark P, et al., Is this really a true case
of NSF following Gadovist exposure alone?, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2010;25:1352–3.
44. Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Karie S, et al., Prevalence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in renal insufficiency patients: results of the FINEST study, Eur J Radiol, 2010;73:357–9.
45. Bryant BJ, Im K, Broome DR, Evaluation of the incidence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with moderate renal insufficiency administered gadobenate dimeglumine for MRI, Clin Radiol, 2009;64:706–13.
46. Rydahl C, Thomsen HS, Marckmann P, High prevalence of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in chronic renal failure patients exposed to gadodiamide, a gadolinium-containing magnetic resonance contrast agent, Invest Radiol, 2008;43:141–4.
47. Boyd AS, Zic JA, Abraham JL, Gadolinium deposition in nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2007;56:27–30.
48. High WA, Ayers RA, Chandler J, et al., Gadolinium is detectable within the tissue of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2007;56:21–6.
49. Abraham JL, Thakral C, Skov L, et al., Dermal inorganic gadolinium concentrations: evidence for in vivo transmetallation and long-term persistence in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Br J Dermatol, 2008;158:273–80.
50. Abraham JL, Thakral C, Tissue distribution and kinetics of gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Eur J Radiol, 2008;66:200–7.
51. Saussereau E, Lacroix C, Cattaneo A, et al., Hair and fingernail gadolinium ICP-MS contents in an overdose case associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Forensic Sci Int, 2008;176:54–7.
52. Sieber MA, Steger-Hartmann T, Lengsfeld P, Pietsch H, Gadolinium-based contrast agents and NSF: evidence from animal experience, J Magn Reson Imaging, 2009;30:1268–76.
53. Morcos SK, Experimental studies investigating the pathophysiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; what did we learn so far? Eur Radiol, 2011;21(3):496–500.
54. Edward M, Quinn JA, Burden AD, et al., Effect of different classes of gadolinium-based contrast agents on control and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis-derived fibroblast proliferation, Radiology, 2010;256:735–43.
55. Dasilva M, O’Brien DM, Fligiel SE, et al., Responses of human skin in organ culture and human skin fibroblasts to a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent: comparison of skin from patients with end-stage renal disease and skin from healthy subjects, Invest Radiol, 2010;45:733–9.
56. Del Galdo F, Wermuth PJ, Addya S, et al., NFκB activation and stimulation of chemokine production in normal human macrophages by the gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agent Omniscan: possible role in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Ann Rheum Dis, 2010;69:2024–33.
57. Swaminathan S, Shah SV, New insights into nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 2007;18:2636–43.
58. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, et al., Case-control study of gadodiamide-related nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2007;22:3174–8.
59. Kay J, High WA, Imatinib mesylate treatment of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Arthritis Rheum, 2008;58:2543–8.
60. Panesar M, Banerjee S, Barone GW, Clinical improvement of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after kidney transplantation, Clin Transplant, 2008;22:803–8.
61. Leung N, Shaikh A, Cosio FG, et al., The outcome of patients with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis after successful kidney transplantation, Am J Transplant, 2010;10:558–62.
62. Gibby WA, Gibby KA, Gibby WA, Comparison of Gd DTPA- BMA (Omniscan) versus Gd HP-DO3A (ProHance) retention in human bone tissue by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Invest Radiol, 2004;39:138–42.
EUROPEAN NEPHROLOGY
125
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92