Posterior Segment Age-related Macular Degeneration
Figure 1: Fundus Images and MPOD Analyses of a Healthy Patient (A + B), a Patient with Dry AMD (C + D) and a Patient with Exudative AMD (E + F)
AB
Table 1: Macular Pigment Optical Density Values for Patients from Figure 1
Figure
Mean OD Max OD Volume (du)
(du)
1B (healthy patient) 0.245 1D (patient with dry AMD)
1F (patient with) exudative AMD
0.173 0.123
0.689 0.430
0.349 Area
(du x pixel) (pixel) 15.611 7.506
63.643 43.463
3.001 24.440 AMD = age-related macular degeneration; du = density units; OD = optical density.
individual differences in patients with exudative or dry AMD, with no uniform pattern.10
CD
Long-term Monitoring of Patient with Age-related Macular Degeneration
From these observations, it follows that an MPOD measurement should be performed as soon as possible in patients with macular degeneration. It might then be possible to use the measured changes over time as progression parameters to forecast the future course of the disease.
EF
MPOD measurement could thus become a form of examination for AMD comparable to visual field tests or measurement of nerve fibre layer thickness for glaucoma. In particular, MPOD measurement could enable long-term monitoring and risk assessment of the progression of macular changes in a practical way.
AMD = age-related macular degeneration; MPOD = macular pigment optical density.
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2. Renzi LM, Hammond BR, The effect of macular pigment on heterochromatic luminance contrast, Exp Eye Res, 2010; 91: 896–900.
3. Dawczynski J, Schweitzer D, Lang GE, Möglichkeiten der objektiven Messung der optischen Dichte der Makula, Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd, 2011;228(1):57–61.
4. Schweigert FJ, Reimann J, Mikronährstoffe und ihre Relevanz für das Auge – Wirkungsweise von Lutein, Zeaxanthin und Omega-3-Fettsäuren, Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd,
2011; 228(6):537–43.
5. Trieschmann M, Beatty S, Nolan JM, et al., Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids following supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin: the LUNA study, Exp. Eye Res, 2007;84(4):718–28.
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Overall, the determination of MPOD is an interesting additional procedure for individual monitoring of ophthalmology patients, particularly those with macular degeneration. Additional examinations of larger patient groups over a longer period of time would be needed to derive more precise conclusions concerning standard values and progression behaviour. n
autofluorescence, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2011;249(4):499–504.
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9. Schweitzer D, Jentsch S, Dawczynski J, et al., Simple and objective method for routine detection of the macular pigment xanthophyll, J Biomed Opt, 2010;15(6):061714.
10. Tsika C, Tsilimbaris MK, Makridaki M, et al., Assessment of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in patients with unilateral wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Acta Ophthalmol, 2011;89(7):e573–e8.
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