US Endocrinology Volume 7 • Issue 2 • Winter 2011


Cover image: Models Of Human Insulin. © Lculig/Dreamstime.com


Managing Editor Tami Hughes


Sub-editorial Manager Lisa Glass


Senior Sub-editor Anne-Claire Bouzanne


Technical Editor Sharon Cato


Design Manager Jennifer Rowley


Junior Designer Elliott Holman


Production Manager Louise Monrose


Senior Production Co-ordinator Anthony Gibbons


Key Account Director Matthew Goodwin


Medical Sales Director Barney Kent


Marketing Director Sergei Sollo


Publishing Director Cathy Peck


Editorial Contact Tami Hughes


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E: tami.hughes@touchbriefings.com


Circulation Contact Miriam Oppenheim


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Sales Contact Matthew Goodwin T: +44 (0) 20 7452 5361 F: +44 (0) 20 7452 5606


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Association Contact Aarti Sharma


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E: aarti.sharma@touchbriefings.com Published by Touch Briefings. Touch Briefings is the trading name of Touch Group plc.


All information obtained by Touch Briefings Ltd and each of the contributors from various sources is as current and accurate as possible. However, due to human or mechanical errors, Touch Briefings and the contributors cannot guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information, and cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results obtained from the use thereof.


Where opinion is expressed, it is that of the authors and does not necessarily coincide with the editorial views of Touch Briefings. Statistical and financial data in this publication have been compiled on the basis of factual information and do not constitute any investment advertisement or investment advice.


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Touch Briefings, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS, UK. © 2011 All rights reserved


ISSN 1758-3918


US Endocrinology acknowledges the financial assistance of the following companies in the publication of this edition: InsuCalc Incorporated and Novo Nordisk, Inc.


Martin Abrahamson, MD Medical Director, Joslin Clinic, Harvard Medical School


Silva Arslanian, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine


Bruce W Bode, MD Diabetes Specialist, Atlanta Diabetes Associates


Glenn D Braunstein, MD Chairman, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai


Pauline M Camacho, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center


George P Chrousos, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Athens


Sam Dagogo-Jack, MD Professor, University of


Tennessee Health Science Center


Jaime A Davidson, MD Professor, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School


Terry F Davies, MBBS, MD Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine


Stephen N Davis, MBBS Professor of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center


Steven V Edelman, MD Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego


Editorial Board


James R Gavin III, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine


Hossein Gharib, MD Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine


Osama Hamdy, MD, PhD Endocrinologist, Joslin Clinic, Harvard Medical School


Priscilla Hollander, MD, PhD Endocrinologist, Baylor University Medical Center


Lois Jovanovič, MD


CEO and CSO, Sansum Diabetes Research Institute


Laurence Katznelson, MD Professor of Neurosurgery and Medicine, Stanford University


Francine R Kaufman, MD Professor Emerita of Pediatrics, University of Southern California


Robert Knutzen, MBA President and CEO, Pituitary Network Association


Stephen LaFranchi, MD Professor, Oregon Health & Science University


Claude K Lardinois, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine


Edward R Laws, MD Professor of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital


Harold E Lebovitz, MD Professor of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center


Pierre Lefèbvre, MD, PhD Emeritus (active) Professor of Medicine, University of Liège


Ernest Mazzaferri, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Florida


Jean Claude Mbanya, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Yaoundé


Jeffrey I Mechanick, MD Professor of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine


Luigi Meneghini, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Miami


Robert W Rebar, MD Executive Director, American Society for Reproductive Medicine


Martin Silink, MD Professor of Paediatric Endcrinology, University of Sydney


Linda Siminerio, RN Executive Director, University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Institute


Virginia Valentine, CNS, CDE Chief Executive Officer, Diabetes Network, Inc.


Aaron I Vinik, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School


US Endocrinology wishes to thank the organizations below for their assistance. This does not constitute any official endorsement.


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